Minor - The Victim of Sexual Violence in Swedish, Austrian and Russian Law
Abstract: Violent offences directed against sexual integrity of other persons are indisputably considered as the most dangerous forms and aspects of criminality. They are known as the offences against sexual integrity or “sexual offences”. Due to its significance, nature, characteristics and consequences, the crime of sexual violence, for which all contemporary legislations prescribe the most severe types and measures of punishment, particularly stands out among these criminal offences. All contemporary criminal legislations are familiar with various forms and aspects of the crime of sexual violence, depending on the division criteria. In these of offences are specially accenting crimes of sexual violences against minors The Convention for the Protection of Children against Sexsual Exploitation and Sexsual Abuse (2007) laid down the criminal law standards for the protection of minors. After the ratification of the Convention, these standards became part of domestic legal system. This paper discusses the term, characteristics, and elements of the crime of sexual violence in the cases when the attribute of minor as the element of their description in Swedish, Austrian and Russian law, from both – theoretical as well as practical aspect.
Key words: sexual freedom, violence, minor, law, Sweden, Austria, Russian federation, criminal offence, responsibility, punishment
Dete - žrtva seksualnog nasilja u švedskom, austrijskom i ruskom pravu
Rezime: Među najopasnije oblike i vidove ispoljavanja nasilničkog kriminaliteta svakako spadaju nasilni akti upravljeni protiv polnog integriteta drugih lica. To su seksualni delikti među, kojima se po svom značaju, prirodi, karakteristikama i posledicama izdvajaju krivična dela polnog nasilja za koja su u svim savremenim krivičnim zakonodavstvima zaprećene teške kazne. Sva savremena krivična zakonodavstva razlikuju više oblika i vidova polnog nasilja zavisno od kriterijuma za deobu. Među njima se, posebno, ističu dela polnog nasilja nad decom. Standardi krivičnopravne zaštite dece koji su postavljeni u Konvenciji o zaštiti dece od seksualnog zlostavljanja i seksualnog iskorišćavanja su njenim ratifikovanjem postali deo nacionalnog pravnog poretka. Upravo o pojmu, karakteristikama i elementima krivičnih dela polnog nasilja kod kojih se svojstvo deteta javlja kao elemenat njihovog bića u švedskom austrijskom i rusom pravu sa teorijskog i praktičnog aspekta govori ovaj rad.
Ključne reči: polna sloboda, nasilje, dete, zakon, Švedska, Austrija, Ruska federacija, krivično delo, odgovornost, kazna.