Constitutional Right to Privacy, Freedom of Movement and Residence by Use of Biometric Data
Abstract: The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Article 2 defines human rights and fundamental freedoms that are guaranteed in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in paragraph 3 of this Article is enumerated a catalog of guaranteed human rights and freedoms. The right to liberty, security, privacy and family life and the right to freedom of movement and residence are consumed in an environment that is regulated by a number of laws and regulations in the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fundamental human rights and freedoms cannot of absolute and may be limited realization of the right to a safe environment. Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina regulates that will establish a central register of all passports, which implies the establishment of the register persons who are citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and for issuing passports. Freedom of movement is therefore limited by the obligation to persons registered and issued them passports. In the process of issuing passports citizen submits biometric data, in accordance with international standards. This shall be done for the purpose of regulating the right to freedom of movement with the guarantee of the right to a safe environment. Passports must be made in accordance with international recommendations and standards defined by the UN specialized agency for air traffic ICAO. The passports are entered biometric and other data of the passport holder in such a way that they must be machine-readable and electronic readable. According to ICAO standards are created and readers at border crossings to ensure an efficient and quick readability of passports. Each state must provide mechanisms that guarantee the identity of each holder of the passport. Every single issued passport in every country is the guarantor of international security, and each piece of data, including biometric must be kept in a way that guarantees the right to privacy. This paper presents an overview of the optimal relationship that is necessary to establish a basic human rights, and limitations of these rights in the allocation of a small security using biometric data and are presented with safeguards against abuse of biometric data.
Keywords: Freedom of movement, a safe environment, a register of biometric data, the mechanisms of protection of personal data, data exchange, global interoperability.
Ustavno pravo na privatnost, slobodu kretanja i prebivalište korišćenjem biometrijskih podataka
Rezime: Ustav Bosne i Hercegovine, članu II definiše ljudska prava i osnovne slobode koja su garantovana na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine, a u tačci 3. ovog člana se nalazi pobrojan katalog garantovanih prava. Pravo lica na ličnu slobodu, sigurnost, privatnost i porodični život, te pravo na slobodu kretanja i prebivalište se konzumiraju u okruženju koje je regulisano nizom zakona i podzakonskih akata u zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine. Osnovna ljudska prava i slobode nisu aposlutne i mogu biti ograničene ostvarenjem prava na bezbjedno i sigurno okruženje.
Ustavom Bosne i Hercegovine je regulisano da će se uspostaviti centralni registar svih pasoša, što implicira uspostavu evidencije lica koji su državljani Bosne i Hercegovine. Sloboda kretanja je reducirana obavezom da se lica evidentiraju i izdaju im se pasoši. U postupku izdavanja pasoša, shodno međunarodnim standardima, od lica se preuzimaju biometrijski podaci. Navedeno se vrši u svrhu regulisanja prava na slobodu kretanja uz garanciju prava na bezbjedno i sigurno okruženje.
Pasoši moraju biti izrađeni u skladu sa međunarodnim preporukama i standardima koje definiše UN specijalizovana agencija za avionski saobraćaj ICAO. U pasoše se unose biometrijski i drugi podaci o nosiocu pasoša na način da moraju biti mašinski i elektronski čitljivi. Prema ICAO standardima se izrađuju i čitači na graničnim prelazima koji garantuju efikasnu i brzu čitljivost pasoša, uz obavezu da svaka država mora obezbjediti mehanizme koji garantuju identitet svakog nosioca pasoša.
Svaki pojedinačni izdati pasoš jedne zemlje je garant međunarodne sigurnosti, a svaki podatak, pa i biometrijski mora biti čuvan na način da garantuje pravo na privatnost. U radu je prezentovan pregled optimalnog odnosa koji je neophodno uspostaviti između osnovnih ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda, te ograničenja tih prava i sloboda u svhu bezbjednosti, korišćenjem biometrijskih podataka uz prezentovanje mehanizama zaštite od zloupotreba tih podataka.
Ključne riječi: Sloboda kretanja, sigurno okruženje, registar biometrijskih podataka, mehanizmi zaštite ličnih podataka, razmjena podataka, globalna interoperabilnost.