Participants to the Criminal Proceedings on the Side of the Prosecution in the Criminal Proceedings of the Russian Federation
Abstract: A participant to the criminal proceedings is a per- son who is authorized by procedural rights and obligations to perform criminal procedural actions and enter into criminal procedural relations with other participants in the process of exercising their rights and obligations. Certain common featu- res are characteristic of all the participants to the criminal pro- ceedings: a) the law assigns them certain procedural rights and obligations, which is why they can enter into criminal procedu- ral relations with each other and perform criminal procedural actions, and b) they must have a legitimate interest in the cri- minal proceedings. In addition, the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation prescribes certain requirements that participants to the proceedings must meet. Thus, an expert can only be a person who has a special knowledge (in science, tech- nology, art, craft) and who is appointed in accordance with the procedural law for conducting court expert examination and giving opinions (Article 57 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation). The requirement for participation of a person as attesting witness is that he must not have an interest in the criminal case (Article 60 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation). This paper analyses the participants to the criminal proceedings on the side of the prosecution (the injured party, the civil prosecutor, the private prosecutor and the representatives of the injured party, the civil prosecutor and the private prosecutor).
Key words: defense, prosecution, injured party, suspect, de- fense.
Rezime: Učesnik krivičnog postupka je lice koje je ovlašćeno procesnim pravima i obavezama da obavlja krivičnoprocesne radnje i stupa u krivičnoprocesne odnose s drugim učesnicima u procesu ostvarivanja svojih prava i obaveza. Za sve učesnike u krivičnom postupku karakteristič- ne su određene zajedničke osobine: a) zakon im dodjeljuje određena procesna prava i obaveze, zbog čega mogu stupati u krivičnoprocesne odnose jedni s drugima i obavljati krivičnoprocesne radnje i b) moraju imati zakoniti interes u krivičnom postupku. Pored toga, Zakonik o krivičnom postupku Ruske Federacije propisuje određene uslove koje učesnici postupka moraju ispunja- vati. Tako, vještak može biti samo osoba koja posjeduje specijalna znanja (iz nauke, tehnike, umjetnosti, zanata) i koja je imenovana u skladu s procesnim zakonom za provođenje sudskog vještačenja i davanje mišljenja (član 57. Zakonika o krivičnom postupku Ruske Federacije). Uslov za učešće lica kao svjedoka pretresa je da ono ne smije imati interes u krivičnom predmetu (član 60. Zakonika o krivičnom postupku Ruske Federacije). U ovom radu analiziraju se učesnici krivičnog postupka na strani optužbe (oštećeni, građanski tužilac, privatni tužilac i predstavnici oštećenog, građanskog tužioca i privatnog tužioca).
Ključne riječi: odbrana, optužba, oštećeni, osumnjičeni, odbrana.